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What is buffer overflow, and why is it dangerous?
A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a fixed-size memory buffer than it was designed to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory. Programs need memory to stor...
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What is PKI, and why does it matter for online security?
Trust plays a central role in how modern digital systems operate. They require dependable methods to verify identities and ensure that there’s no tampering during transmission across networks. Publi...
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How to identify and respond to NetWalker ransomware attacks
NetWalker was a well-known ransomware operation, first identified in 2019, which became especially prominent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Attackers used it to encrypt victims’ files and demand rans...
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What is an NFC tag, and how does it work? A complete guide
If you’ve ever used contactless payments, entered a building by tapping your phone, or checked out a product with a quick tap, you’ve interacted with near-field communication (NFC) tags. NFC power...
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What is a phishing campaign, and how do you stay protected?
Some phishing messages are easy to recognize: for example, an email from a “Nigerian prince” promising to send you millions of dollars, or a text message with spelling and grammar mistakes saying ...
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Spear phishing: Everything you need to know
Spear phishing can be an especially effective type of online scam because it’s designed to appear legitimate. Rather than relying on broad, generic messages, attackers research their targets and tai...
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DeepSeek vs. ChatGPT: Which AI tool protects your data better?
Large language models (LLMs) have become a part of everyday life for millions of people. Tools like ChatGPT and DeepSeek now handle everything from casual questions to business research and internal w...
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Spotting UPS scam emails: What you need to know
When you expect a package, even if you’re not sure which carrier is delivering it, an official-looking email about a delay or problem can seem routine. In many cases, you might click this kind of al...
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Pharming vs. phishing: What’s the real difference?
Pharming and phishing are both forms of cyberattack that aim to steal sensitive information, but they achieve this in different ways. Phishing relies on victims directly providing information, while p...
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Can you find an IP address from an email?
When an email looks suspicious, it can be difficult to determine whether it’s legitimate. Email headers can provide context, such as showing which mail servers handled a message, but they rarely rev...
